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Abstract:
With a population of more than two hundred
million people, Indonesia is the world's
fourth most populous country after China,
India, and the United States. Indonesia
has experienced two contradictory
population policies. From the time of
independence in 1945 until the mid-1960s,
the government was strongly pro-natalist,
stressing that a large national population
was needed to fully exploit the potential
of the natural resources of the country.
This situation changed as the New Order
Government came to power, particularly
after President Suharto joined other heads
of state in signing the Declaration of the
World Leaders in 1967. In this
declaration, rapid population growth was
considered an obstacle to socioeconomic
development.
A total policy reversal was signaled when
the president established a government
agency, called the National Family
Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN) which
is responsible for coordinating family
planning programs in the country. The twin
goals of the programs were to promote the
norm of a "small, happy, and prosperous
family," and to reduce fertility through
the promotion of contraceptive use. The
quantitative aim of the government
population policy has been to achieve
replacement level fertility, by vigorously
promoting the two-child norm, by the year
2010-2015, and to reach zero population
growth by the year 2050.
The Two-Child Norm in Indonesia (PDF, 1768K)