This study investigates spousal agreement on approval of family planning, spousal agreement on discussion of family planning, and wife’s use of a modern contraceptive method. The analysis uses matched couples’ data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 1999 and 2004 in Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali in West and Central Africa, and Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe in Eastern and Southern Africa. In addition, pooled data from the 10 countries are used to examine how polygyny, as an institution of marriage rather than an individual characteristic, influences spousal approval of family planning and discussion of family planning.